Cisco CUCM IP Phone Services with CUCM 7 & 8

If you had your Cisco IP phones registered to a CUCM 8.x system and you go back to a 7.x system, you should remember to downgrade the firmware to an appropiate one for 7.x. Otherwise chances are good to end up in problems when trying to access the IP phone services of the CUCM 7.x system.

Problem seems to be that CUCM 7.x tries to address the services via an URL like:
http://172.20.23.210:8080/ccmcip/getservicesmenu.jsp

The phones with the phone load for CUCM 8.x still tries to access the services via:
https://172.20.23.210:8443/ccmcip/getservicesmenu.jsp

So, the only thing you will see, while trying to open the corporate directory, is a "Requesting..." which finaly will end in a "Host not found" message. A factory reset would be the easiest way to go back to the right phone load. Just keep that in mind ....

Cisco CME with 3rd party SIP phones

Had to configure a Cisco Callmanager Express to accept connections from 3rd party SIP phones via the Internet. The SIP phones need to reach each other, their voicemail and PSTN phones via ISDN breakout.
Keep in mind that, as always, public IP's have been changed to private ones. Phone numbers are also fake. Signalling & RTP communication is NOT encrypted in this example! Be aware of that! You could tunnel this traffic through a VPN. Registration would then work too & everything should be fine (except for the additional delays ...). ISDN configuration is for German PSTN, but you should be able to modify it for your needs. If you have trouble to get this to work, try this debug commands:

debug ccsip all (Be carefull, some phones fire off over 20 register requests per second. This usually only happens if the phone is not able to register, but it might freeze your router. This is not a theoretically option!)
debug voice register errors
debug voice register events

Check your systems firewall settings if you use software phones. Might be a good idea to deactivate it temporarily for verifying functionality.

At first I would try to use the X-Lite client. That's a client that usually always works first. Most tolerant one for NAT issues. In general almost any third party SIP client, even IPhones, should work in this implementation. Before delivering such a solution you should always verify functionality thoroughly. Some problems arise after a longer period of time because of timeouts etc..
This is only a short abstract. If you have any suggestions or coments - feel free to post them.

Overview

Configuration of Cisco Callmanager Express

sipgateway#sh run
Building configuration...


Current configuration : 8775 bytes
!
version 15.1
service tcp-keepalives-in
service tcp-keepalives-out
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname sipgateway
!
boot-start-marker
boot system flash:c2900-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-4.M1.bin
boot-end-marker
!
!
logging buffered 100000
!
aaa new-model
!
!
aaa authentication login default local
aaa authorization exec default local
!
!
!
!
!
aaa session-id common
clock timezone MEZ 1 0
clock summer-time MESZ recurring last Sun Mar 2:00 last Sun Oct 3:00
network-clock-participate wic 0
network-clock-select 1 BRI0/0/1
!
no ipv6 cef
no ip source-route
ip cef
!
!
!
!
!
ip domain name lab.local
ip name-server 172.20.21.5
multilink bundle-name authenticated
!
!
!
!
isdn switch-type basic-net3
!
voice-card 0
 dsp services dspfarm
!
!
voice call disc-pi-off
!
voice service voip
 allow-connections sip to sip
 redirect ip2ip
 fax protocol t38 version 0 ls-redundancy 0 hs-redundancy 0 fallback none
 sip
  bind control source-interface GigabitEthernet0/0
  bind media source-interface GigabitEthernet0/0
  registrar server expires max 600 min 60
  no call service stop
!
voice class codec 10
 codec preference 1 g711ulaw
!
!
voice register global
 mode cme
 source-address 172.20.21.165 port 5060
 max-dn 35
 max-pool 10
 authenticate register ==> This is needed, because phones are not localy connected.
 authenticate realm lab.local ==> This is needed by some SIP phones to switch to digest auth.
 timezone 21
 time-format 24
 date-format D/M/Y
 voicemail 88888888
 tftp-path flash:
 create profile sync 0429414478545137
!
voice register dn  1
 number 12344887
 call-forward b2bua unregistered 88888888 
 allow watch
 name Test1
 label 12344887
 mwi
!
voice register dn  2
 number 12344898
 allow watch
 name Test2
 label 12344898
 mwi
!
voice register dn  4
 number 12344971
 call-forward b2bua unregistered 88888888 
 allow watch
 name Test4
 label 12344971
 mwi
!
voice register dn  5
 number 12341453
 allow watch
 name Test5
 label 12341453
 mwi
!
voice register dn  7
 number 12341455
 allow watch
 name Test7
 label 12341455
 mwi
!
voice register pool  1
 id mac 0000.0000.0000 ==> Mac is irrelevant. Auth is now digest based.
 number 1 dn 1
 presence call-list
 dtmf-relay rtp-nte
 username 12344887 password 1234
 codec g711ulaw
!
voice register pool  2
 id mac 0000.0000.0000
 number 1 dn 2
 presence call-list
 dtmf-relay rtp-nte
 username 12344898 password 1234
 codec g711ulaw
!
voice register pool  4
 id mac 0000.0000.0000
 number 1 dn 4
 presence call-list
 dtmf-relay rtp-nte
 username 12344971 password 1234
 codec g711ulaw
!
voice register pool  5
 id mac 0000.0000.0000
 number 1 dn 5
 presence call-list
 dtmf-relay rtp-nte
 username 12341453 password 1234
 codec g711ulaw
!
voice register pool  7
 id mac 0000.0000.0000
 number 1 dn 7
 presence call-list
 dtmf-relay sip-notify
 username 12341455 password 1234
 codec g711ulaw
!
!
!
voice translation-rule 5
 rule 1 /^\(.*\)/ /30\1/ type any national
!
voice translation-rule 10
 rule 1 /^\(.*\)/ /0\1/ type subscriber unknown
 rule 2 /^\(.*\)/ /00\1/ type national unknown
 rule 3 /^\(.*\)/ /000\1/ type international unknown
!
!
voice translation-profile From-PSTN
 translate calling 10
!
voice translation-profile To-PSTN
 translate calling 5
!
!
license udi pid CISCO2901/K9 sn 12341234
license accept end user agreement
hw-module ism 0
!
hw-module pvdm 0/0
!
!
!
username labtest privilege 15 labt3st
!
redundancy
!
!
!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 172.20.20.1 255.255.255.252
!
interface Embedded-Service-Engine0/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 description LAN Interface
 ip address 172.20.21.165 255.255.255.248
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface ISM0/0
 ip unnumbered Loopback0
 service-module ip address 172.20.20.2 255.255.255.252
 !Application: CUE Running on ISM
 service-module ip default-gateway 172.20.20.1
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 no ip address
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface ISM0/1
 description Internal switch interface connected to Internal Service Module
 no ip address
 shutdown
!
interface BRI0/0/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
 isdn switch-type basic-net3
 isdn point-to-point-setup
 isdn incoming-voice voice
!
interface BRI0/0/1
 no ip address
 isdn switch-type basic-net3
 isdn point-to-point-setup
 isdn incoming-voice voice
!
ip http server
ip http access-class 24
ip http authentication local
ip http secure-server
ip http timeout-policy idle 60 life 86400 requests 10000
ip http path flash:
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.20.21.161
ip route 172.20.20.2 255.255.255.255 ISM0/0
!
!
!
!
!
control-plane
!
!
voice-port 0/0/0
 compand-type a-law
 cptone DE
 bearer-cap Speech
!
voice-port 0/0/1
 compand-type a-law
 cptone DE
 bearer-cap Speech
!
!
dial-peer voice 1 pots
 description ISDN
 translation-profile incoming From-PSTN
 translation-profile outgoing To-PSTN
 destination-pattern 0.T
 incoming called-number .
 direct-inward-dial
 port 0/0/1
!
dial-peer voice 5 voip
 destination-pattern 88888888
 session protocol sipv2
 session target ipv4:172.20.20.2
 incoming called-number .
 voice-class codec 10 
 dtmf-relay sip-notify
 no vad
!
!
gateway
 timer receive-rtp 1200
!
sip-ua
!
end

sipgateway#        

Verify registration

sipgateway#sh sip-ua status registrar
Line          destination      expires(sec)  contact
transport     call-id
              peer
============================================================
12341455      172.20.22.52     597           172.20.22.52
UDP           g7ngEr-P2hu1kPJ6mDgWP8FNWrPJDIql             
              40002

These are the phone configs I tested:


Android CSipSimple Settings
 Accountname: 12344971
 Send own number: 12344971
 SIP Server: 172.20.21.165
 Username: 12344971
 Password: 1234
 Proxy: 172.20.21.165


Phoner Lite Settings
 Configuration -> Server
  Proxy/registrar: 172.20.21.165
  STUN Server: stun.counterpath.com
  Domain/Realm: 172.20.21.165
  Check Registration
 Configuration -> User
  Username: 12341453
  Shown username: 12341453
  Password: 1234
  Authentication name: 12341453
  Number: 12341453
 Configuration -> Network
  Check preferred connection type: UDP
  Check Windows Firewall

Xlite (ver 4.0) settings
 Softphone -> Account Settings -> Account
  Check allow this account for call
  User ID: 12341453
  Domain: 172.20.21.165
  Password: 1234
  Authorization name: 12341453
  Check Domain Proxy to register with Domain and receive calls
  Check outbound via domain
 Softphone -> Account Settings -> Topology
  Autodetect firewall traversal method using ICE
 Softphone -> Preferences -> Advanced
  Check send DTMF via RFC2833

Snom 360 Settings
 Identity1
  Login
   Account: 12344887
   Password: 1234
   Registrar: 172.20.21.165
   Authentication Username: 12344887
  SIP
   Check Support broken Registrar
  NAT
   Check Offer ICE
   STUN Server: stun.counterpath.com

Ever wanted to test a SMTP mailserver manually?

Just telnet to your mailservers TCP port 25 and enter the following commands (green):

Host#telnet 172.20.20.88 25
Trying 172.20.20.88, 25 ... Open
220 mailserver.lab.local ESMTP Sendmail 8.13.8/8.13.8/Debian-2; Tue, 19 Jul 2011 21:52:12 +0200; (No UCE/UBE) logging access from: host.lab.local(OK)-host.lab.local [172.20.20.89]
EHLO host.lab.local
250-mailserver.lab.local Hello host.lab.local [172.20.20.89], pleased to meet youH
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-PIPELINING
250-8BITMIME
250-SIZE
250-DSN
250-ETRN
250-AUTH DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5
250-DELIVERBY
250 HELP
MAIL FROM:<test@mailserver.lab.local>
250 2.1.0 <test@mailserver.lab.local>... Sender ok
RCPT TO:<andre@lab.local.de>
250 2.1.5 <andre@lab.local.de>... Recipient ok
DATA
354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself
subject:Test
text, text, text, text, text, text, text, text, text, text, text, text,
text, text, text, text, text, text, text, text, text, text, text, text,
bla ...
.

This final dot (.) is crucial. Type it, and then hit enter. This finishes your mail.

250 2.0.0 a7JJwA7887a979 Message accepted for delivery
QUIT
221 2.0.0 mailserver.lab.local closing connection

[Connection to 172.20.20.88 closed by foreign host]
Host#

Thats it. If you see errors you don't know how to fix, check these links:
http://www.samlogic.net/articles/smtp-commands-reference.htm
http://email.about.com/cs/standards/a/smtp_error_code.htm
http://www.answersthatwork.com/Download_Area/ATW_Library/Networking/Network__3-SMTP_Server_Status_Codes_and_SMTP_Error_Codes.pdf 
http://www.hosteng.com/faqfiles/SMTP%20Server%20Status%20Codes%20and%20Errors.pdf 

Cisco Unity Express SMTP problem FQDN in EHLO

Ever had the problem, because of a sub-optimal DNS implementation, that your CUE doesn't want to use the FQN in EHLO? Your SMTP Server keeps sending "Helo command rejected: need fully-qualified hostname"? Then you should try to set the CUE hostname via CLI. You could set it to something like "hostname CUE.lab.local". This doesn't work via GUI!!

Packet Capture with hostname CUE:
No.     Time        Source                Destination           Protocol Length Info
     14 26.796002   172.20.20.88       172.20.20.2       SMTP     98     S: 220 labstest.lab.local ESMTP Postfix
     16 26.796002   172.20.20.2       172.20.20.88       SMTP     62     C: EHLO CUE
     18 26.800002   172.20.20.88       172.20.20.2       SMTP     227    S: 250-labstest.lab.local | 250-PIPELINING | 250-SIZE 10485760 | 250-VRFY | 250-ETRN | 250-AUTH CRAM-MD5 GSSAPI | 250-STARTTLS | 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES | 250-8BITMIME | 250 DSN
     19 26.804002   172.20.20.2       172.20.20.88       SMTP     82     C: MAIL FROM:<CUE@lab.local>
     21 26.812002   172.20.20.88       172.20.20.2       SMTP     66     S: 250 2.1.0 Ok
     22 26.812002   172.20.20.2       172.20.20.88       SMTP     90     C: RCPT TO:<andre@provider.de>
     24 26.812002   172.20.20.88       172.20.20.2       SMTP     123    S: 504 5.5.2 <CUE>: Helo command rejected: need fully-qualified hostname
     25 26.812002   172.20.20.2       172.20.20.88       SMTP     58     C: RSET
     27 26.816002   172.20.20.88       172.20.20.2       SMTP     66     S: 250 2.0.0 Ok
     28 26.816002   172.20.20.2       172.20.20.88       SMTP     58     C: QUIT
     31 26.816002   172.20.20.88       172.20.20.2       SMTP     67     S: 221 2.0.0 Bye

Packet Capture with hostname CUE.lab.local:
No.     Time        Source                Destination           Protocol Length Info
    111 840.239998  172.20.20.88       172.20.20.2       SMTP     98     S: 220 labstest.lab.local ESMTP Postfix
    113 840.243998  172.20.20.2       172.20.20.88       SMTP     79     C: EHLO CUE.lab.local
    115 840.243998  172.20.20.88       172.20.20.2       SMTP     227    S: 250-labstest.lab.local | 250-PIPELINING | 250-SIZE 10485760 | 250-VRFY | 250-ETRN | 250-AUTH CRAM-MD5 GSSAPI | 250-STARTTLS | 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES | 250-8BITMIME | 250 DSN
    116 840.251998  172.20.20.2       172.20.20.88       SMTP     86     C: MAIL FROM:<CUE@lab.local>
    118 840.259998  172.20.20.88       172.20.20.2       SMTP     66     S: 250 2.1.0 Ok
    119 840.259998  172.20.20.2       172.20.20.88       SMTP     90     C: RCPT TO:<andre@provider.de>
    121 840.267998  172.20.20.88       172.20.20.2       SMTP     66     S: 250 2.1.5 Ok
    122 840.267998  172.20.20.2       172.20.20.88       SMTP     58     C: DATA
    124 840.267998  172.20.20.88       172.20.20.2       SMTP     89     S: 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
    125 840.287997  172.20.20.2       172.20.20.88       SMTP     1500   C: DATA fragment, 1448 bytes
    174 840.303997  172.20.20.2       172.20.20.88       SMTP     1500   C: DATA fragment, 1448 bytes
    177 840.303997  172.20.20.2       172.20.20.88       SMTP     1500   C: DATA fragment, 1448 bytes
    178 840.303997  172.20.20.2       172.20.20.88       SMTP     1500   C: DATA fragment, 1448 bytes
    179 840.303997  172.20.20.2       172.20.20.88       SMTP     1500   C: DATA fragment, 1448 bytes
    180 840.303997  172.20.20.2       172.20.20.88       IMF      440    from: Cisco Unity Express <CUE@lab.local>, subject: Message Notification,  (text/plain) (audio/x-wav)
    189 840.307997  172.20.20.88       172.20.20.2       SMTP     89     S: 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 93155E8CE43
    190 840.307997  172.20.20.2       172.20.20.88       SMTP     58     C: QUIT
    193 840.311997  172.20.20.88       172.20.20.2       SMTP     67     S: 221 2.0.0 Bye

Remote Packet Capture in Cisco IOS

Sometimes you need a network packet capture but you don't have access to the network. That's the time for Cisco's "Embedded Packet Capture"

Lets say you want to capture the traffic on you Cisco IOS routers LAN interface. You need about 2 megabyte circular buffer.

monitor capture buffer buf1 size 2048 circular
monitor capture point ip cef cap1 gigabitethernet0/0 both 

monitor capture point associate cap1 buf1

Start the capture with:

monitor capture point start cap1

And stop the capture with:

monitor capture point stop cap1

Check if everything you need is in the trace:

show monitor cap buffer buf1 dump

And copy it to a place, in this case flash, where you can access it:

monitor capture buffer buf1 export flash:capture.pcap

You might want to download it for example via SCP. There is a seperate entry in this blog regarding SCP: http://uc-b.blogspot.com/2011/07/putty-scp-file-transfer-to-cisco-ios.html

But you could also copy it directly to a bunch of remote locations:

router#monitor capture buffer buf1 export ?

  flash0:  Location to dump buffer

  flash1:  Location to dump buffer

  flash:   Location to dump buffer

  ftp:     Location to dump buffer

  http:    Location to dump buffer

  https:   Location to dump buffer

  pram:    Location to dump buffer

  rcp:     Location to dump buffer

  scp:     Location to dump buffer

  tftp:    Location to dump buffer

router#

Cisco Link to embedded Packet Capture:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/netmgmt/configuration/guide/nm_packet_capture_ps6441_TSD_Products_Configuration_Guide_Chapter.html

If you want to automate it in a quite fancy way you should have a look at Cisco Embedded Automation Systems - EASy
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/iosswrel/ps6537/ps6555/ps10777/ppt_EASy_Packet_Capture_c78-577851.pdf

Access Cisco Unity Express from the internet with private addressing

Your Cisco Unity Express Voicemail system is connected to your Cisco Callmanager Express via private addressing? And you need to access it via the Internet? No VPN available?
Well, I had this task waiting for me. Not really complicated, but somebody might find it useful ....

interface GigabitEthernet0/0

 description Internet

 ip address 1.2.3.5 255.255.255.248

 ip nat outside

!

interface ISM0/0

 ip unnumbered Loopback0

 ip nat inside

 service-module ip address 172.20.20.2 255.255.255.252

 !Application: CUE Running on ISM

 service-module ip default-gateway 172.20.20.1

!

ip nat inside source list CUE_OUT interface GigabitEthernet0/0 overload

ip nat inside source static tcp 172.20.20.2 80 1.2.3.5 9999 extendable

!

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.2.3.4

ip route 172.20.20.2 255.255.255.255 ISM0/0

!This gives your CUE access to public services (SMTP, DNS, ...)

ip access-list extended CUE_OUT

 deny   ip host 172.20.20.2 host 172.20.20.1

 permit ip host 172.20.20.2 any

Now you only need to enter this URL in your browser:
http://1.2.3.4:9999/admin

If there is a firewall in between , filtering all ports except for SIP traffic & SSH), you could set up an SSH Tunnel to fix that problem. See http://uc-b.blogspot.com/2011/07/putty-scp-file-transfer-to-cisco-ios.html

Putty & SCP => File transfer to Cisco IOS through SSH Tunnel

Had the problem that I had to update an IOS Device with only SSH access available. Solution is to use SCP over a SSH Tunnel.

To do this, go to Change settings =>  Connection => SSH => Tunnels. Replace 1.2.3.4 with the IP you want to connect to. Before you define the local port, you should verify that it's unused. Doesn't need to be 22 on local side.



 Remember to press the Add button before clicking Apply. Otherwise your settings will be lost.



Next check in a DOSs box the listening TCP ports. After entering "netstat -an -p TCP" you should find an entry like "  TCP    127.0.0.1:22           0.0.0.0:0              Listening".

Now you have to prepare the router for SCP connection. The device should already be reachable via SSH.

Enter this in your router config:

aaa new-model

aaa authentication login default local

aaa authorization exec default local

username scp secret password

ip scp server enable

That's it! Now you can move files to & from your device. I prefer to use the Putty SCP client pscp.

Copy files from flash:
pscp -scp -pw password scp@127.0.0.1:flash:test.pcap "C:\Users\andre\Downloads\test.pcap"
test.pcap             | 30 kB |  30.6 kB/s | ETA: 00:00:00 | 100%

Copy files to flash:
pscp -scp -pw password "C:\Users\andre\Downloads\cme-151-4Mv1\cme-151-4Mv1\CME 8.6\CME 8.6.0 GUI\CME8.6.0GUI.tar" scp@127.0.0.1:flash:CME8.6.0GUI.tar

This works for all TCP based protocols. Makes life a lot easier ....

Cisco link for SCP:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2t/12_2t2/feature/guide/ftscp.html